When people hear the words “sexually transmitted infection” (STI), reactions can vary depending on the condition being talked about. Some STIs, like chlamydia, are often discussed openly in sexual health campaigns and education. Others, like herpes or HIV, can still carry a huge amount of stigma and misunderstanding.
But why?
The truth is that stigma around STIs is often based more on fear, misinformation, and social attitudes than on the actual condition itself.
What is stigma?
Stigma happens when someone is judged, shamed, or treated differently because of something about them. When it comes to sexual health, stigma can stop people from:
- Getting tested
- Asking questions
- Accessing treatment
- Telling partners
- Feeling confident in relationships
It can also leave people feeling embarrassed or isolated, even though STIs are extremely common.
Why do HIV and herpes carry more stigma?
HIV
HIV is one of the most misunderstood health conditions when it comes to stigma. In the past, HIV was often shown in the media as frightening and deadly, and some of those outdated ideas still affect attitudes today.
But treatment and understanding have changed massively.
Today:
- People living with HIV can live long, healthy lives
- Medication can reduce the virus to “undetectable” levels
- Someone who is undetectable cannot pass HIV on sexually (known as U=U: Undetectable = Untransmittable)
Despite this, many people still do not know the facts, which is why stigma continues.
Herpes
Herpes is also heavily stigmatised, even though it is very common.
Part of the stigma comes from how herpes is talked about online, in films, and on social media, where it is often used as a joke or insult. This can create shame and fear around something that many people live with.
In reality:
- Many people with herpes have mild symptoms or no symptoms at all
- It can be managed with medication and support
- Having herpes does not define someone or stop them from having healthy relationships
Why are some STIs seen differently?
Some infections, like chlamydia, are talked about more openly because they are included regularly in public health campaigns and are easily treated with antibiotics.
This shows how education can help reduce stigma.
The more people understand sexual health, the easier it becomes to have honest conversations without judgement.
Why stigma is harmful
When some STIs are treated as “worse” than others, it can stop people from getting support.
People may avoid testing because they are worried about:
- Being judged
- Feeling embarrassed
- What others might think
But sexual health is just health.
Anyone who is sexually active can get an STI, regardless of age, gender, sexuality, or relationship status. Getting tested or seeking treatment should never be something someone feels ashamed about.
How can we reduce stigma?
Reducing stigma starts with better conversations and accurate information.
That means:
- Avoiding jokes about STIs
- Challenging misinformation online
- Encouraging regular testing
- Using respectful language
- Understanding that STIs are common medical conditions
The more openly we talk about sexual health, the easier it becomes for people to ask questions, access support, and look after themselves confidently.
Where to get support
If you have questions about STIs, testing, or sexual health, support is available through:
- GP surgeries
- NHS sexual health information
- Brook and other young people’s sexual health organisations
Getting tested is responsible, normal, and nothing to be embarrassed about.
